Drivers commonly encounter trailer sway, or fishtailing, when towing a trailer. This phrase refers to when the trailer sways side-to-side on the roadway. This swaying can quickly escalate, creating danger for the driver and others on the roadway. Here are some tips to reduce trailer sway and creating a safer towing experience!
Why does trailer sway matter?
Trailer sway can be incredibly dangerous for everyone on the road. Ignoring the signs of fishtailing can quickly lead to serious accidents, damage to equipment, and even the endangerment of lives. By understanding what causes it and taking proactive measures to prevent it, you can ensure your safety, your equipment’s safety, and other drivers’ safety.
Causes of Trailer Sway
Several factors can cause trailers to fishtail, and understanding them is the first step to preventing this kind of road hazard. Here are some of the most common causes of trailer sway:
1. Improper Weight Distribution
Uneven weight distribution within the trailer, especially with too much weight at the rear, can destabilize the entire towing system. Ideally, most of the trailer’s weight should be in the front half, with a tongue weight between 10–15% of the trailer’s total weight.
2. High Winds and Drafts
If you’ve ever driven a car in strong winds, you know how much of an impact these gusts can have on your car. With a trailer, these effects are exemplified. Strong winds and gusts caused by the weather or by passing vehicles can push a trailer sideways, starting the sway. This is especially dangerous when towing a high-profile trailer.
3. High Speeds
Driving at high speeds significantly increases the risk of trailer sway. Ultimately, the faster you drive, the harder it is to keep your trailer stable.
4. Sudden Steering or Maneuvers
Fast lane changes or sharp turns can destabilize a trailer, leading to sway. Controlled, gradual steering is essential for safe towing and preventing fishtailing.
5. Tire Issues
Under-inflated or worn-out tires on your vehicle or trailer significantly reduce traction and stability.
By recognizing these causes, you can recognize the potential instigators of trailer sway.l
Strategies for Reducing Trailer Sway
Preventing trailer sway requires proper planning and attention to detail. Here are the best practices to minimize risks:
1. Distribute Weight Correctly
Ensure that heavy items are placed toward the front of the trailer, nearest your vehicle. This helps maintain proper tongue weight and overall balance, reducing the likelihood of sway. Avoid overloading the trailer, and never exceed the towing capacity of your vehicle.
2. Use Sway Control and Weight Distribution Devices
Many modern towing systems offer devices that help you reduce trailer sway and keep weight distributed. These systems can significantly reduce the risk of fishtailing.
3. Maintain Safe Speeds
Driving at moderate speeds—ideally at or below 55 mph—provides better control over your towing setup. Slower speeds also give you more time to react to potential issues. Even on highways with high-speed limits, stick to the slow lane to reduce the risk of trailer sway.
4. Check Tire Pressure and Condition
Regularly inspect all tires for proper inflation and wear. Use a tire pressure gauge to ensure all tires are inflated according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. It is particularly important to check this at seasonal changes. Replace any tires showing signs of damage or significant tread wear.
5. Avoid Sudden Maneuvers
Keep steering inputs smooth and deliberate. Abrupt changes in direction or speed can destabilize your trailer, leading to sway. Plan your moves ahead of time and maintain a steady pace whenever possible. If you miss a turn, don’t panic! Calmly recalculate your route to get back on track and avoid making sudden turns in an attempt to get back on your route.
6. Be Mindful of Windy Conditions
When towing in windy weather, stay alert and reduce speed. If winds become too strong, consider pulling over until conditions improve.
What to Do If Trailer Sway Occurs
Even with the best precautions, trailer sway can sometimes happen. Knowing how to react is crucial for regaining control and avoiding accidents:
1. Stay Calm
It’s essential to remain composed and focused. Overcorrecting or panicking can worsen the situation.
2. Slow Down Slowly
Similar to driving in water or on ice, sudden braking shifts the weight unevenly and may increase sway, potentially leading to accidents. Rather than slamming on the brakes, gradually ease off the accelerator. This natural deceleration can help stabilize the trailer, allowing you to pull over safely.
3. Apply Manual Trailer Brakes
If your vehicle has a brake controller, gently engage the trailer’s brakes manually. This action can help realign the trailer with the towing vehicle.
4. Steer Straight
Avoid sharp or sudden steering adjustments. Keep the steering wheel steady and maintain a straight course until the trailer stabilizes.
5. Pull Over When Safe
Once the trailer has stabilized, find a safe place to pull over. Ensure your load is properly distributed, check tire conditions, and inspect your towing setup before resuming your trip.
Additional Tips for Safe Towing
Beyond reducing trailer sway, here are some other tips and tricks to ensure a smooth and safe towing experience:
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Know Your Vehicle’s Towing Capacity
Always tow within the limits of your vehicle and hitch system. Overloading can severely compromise stability. Remember your vehicle’s towing capacity includes the weight of the cargo!
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Perform Regular Maintenance
Keep your vehicle and trailer in good condition. Regularly check brakes, suspension, and electrical connections.
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Practice Towing
If you’re new to towing, practice in a safe, open area to get comfortable with a trailer’s added length and weight.
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Use Extended Mirrors
Attach towing mirrors to improve visibility and monitor the trailer’s position.
Whether you tow a camper for a weekend getaway or haul heavy equipment, following these guidelines will reduce the risk of trailer sway. With the right preparation, tools, and driving habits, you’ll ensure a safer and more enjoyable towing experience.
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